Well it can be done (at least on my MBP 11,3 with yosemite and a windows7 bootcamp partition), and the secret sauce is rEFInd. I don't understand EFI at all. And every time I start going through the docs (rEFInd has a lot of GREAT documentation) I get distracted with needing to do work or something. Anyhow, before, I couldn't boot any Ubuntu live usb drives after 14.10 (I think the switch to systemd maybe?) but once I installed rEFInd I could... When I resized the bootcamp partition using a 14.04 live usb, booting windows didn't work any more. But once I installed rEFInd it did... After installing 15.10 from the liveUSB I couldn't boot osx or windows from the grub bootloader. But once I held the option key and used apple's boot selector to boot into OSX again and installed rEFInd again I could... boot from rEFInd's boot selector that is. Somehow rEFInd is magical.
So in a recipie:
- Boot a live usb (I had to use 14.04)
- Use gparted to shrink down the bootcamp/windows partition (make sure you've defragmented the partition in windows first).
- Install rEFInd by downloading in OSX and running the install.sh from the OSX terminal
- Boot windows just to make sure you still can (when you have to)
- Boot from a live usb of ubuntu 15.10 and install with the empty space turned into the / directory (root)
- After the ubuntu install hold option next time you boot and boot into OSX, install rEFInd again (the grub configuration messes it up somehow)
- Enjoy using linux but still having 2 other operating systems to choose from (though you'll have to twist my arm to get me to boot anything other than linux).
Oh ya, and do all this at your own risk. Please make backups.